Turkey sided with Germany in World War 1. Fears of the loss of the caliphate were intensified by the Treaty of Sèvres (August 1920), which dismembered the empire, not only detaching all non-Turkish regions from the empire but also giving parts of the Turkish homeland to Greece and other non-Muslim powers. In 1920 Abdul Kalam Azad and Maulana Abdul Bari gave a call for Hijrat Movement and urged the Muslims to migrate to a place where they can freely practice their religion, they called India as ‘Dar-ul-Harb’. But Turkey and Germany lost the war and a pact commonly known as Istanbul Accord was concluded … • The British wanted to end the Ottoman Empire and force Turkey to be treated like a normal country. Britain and Russia had a rivalry over Afghanistan and Persia (Muslim Countries) Little attention was given to what locals want; British made Muslims afraid of Hindu To win cooperation; Muslims dd not want to fight fellow Muslims in Turkey Desertions from army; Maulana Fazl Ul Haq in 1918 • The hostile protestors set the police station on fire that burnt 22 policemen alive. • In August 1920 alone, around 1800 people migrated to Afghanistan. • In 1919, under the leadership of Muhammad Ali Johar, the Khilafat Delegation left for England to discuss their concerns with Lloyd George, the Prime Minister. The result was that the two major communities of the country fell apart never to come to terms after that. Khilafat Movement During the Rowlatt Satyagraha, Mahatma Gandhi felt that need to launch a more wide movement in India. Key Question 7: How successful was the Khilafat Movement in advancing the cause of Pakistan Movement? In early 1919 a Khilafat Committee was famed. Khilafat movement, pan-Islamic force in India that arose in 1919 in an effort to salvage the Ottoman caliph as a symbol of unity among Muslims in India during the period of British rule. Why was the Khilafat Movement founded? The Khilafat movement, also known as the Indian Muslim movement (1919–24), was a pan-Islamist political protest campaign launched by Muslims of British India led by Shaukat Ali, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar, Hakim Ajmal Khan, and Abul Kalam Azad to restore the caliph of the Ottoman Caliphate, who was considered the leader of Sunni Muslims, as an effective political authority. • Gandhi was a man, who did not believe in violence. Integral to this was the Indian Muslims’ desire to influence the treaty-making process following the war in such a way … • The sudden end of the non-cooperation movement also harmed the Khilafat Movement. Updates? The Khilafat movement (1919-1924) was an agitation by Indian Muslims allied with Indian nationalism in the years following World War I. The Khilafat Movement was against dismemberment of Turkey. Turkey was important to the Indian Muslims as the Sultan of Turkey was also the ‘Caliph’ (or Khalifa) and was the head of the Muslims throughout the world. You will get all these points and much more in detail if you get your copy of Class 10 History Chapter 3 Notes … In the preceding chapter we noted, as early as the first months of 1915, something in the nature of a Khilafat movement, but without any organization to give it a definite form. In 1920 the latter movement was marred by the ḥijrat (Urdu: “exodus”; recalling Muhammad’s Hijrah from Mecca) from India to Afghanistan of about 18,000 Muslim peasants, who felt that India was an apostate land. It was a by-product of Khilafat Movement. The caliphate was endangered first by Italian attacks (1911) and the Balkan Wars (1912–13) and later by the empire’s defeat in World War I (1914–18). • Under British policy of repression, around 30,000 supporters were arrested. Khilafat Movement was led by two brothers Shaukat Ali and Muhammad Ali; was founded to fight for Khilafat rights, and was against the harsh treatment given to the Khalifa, Emperor of the Turkish Empire, after the First World; Gandhiji convinced the Congress to join hands with the Khilafat Movement and start a Non-Cooperation Campaign for • However, the Lloyd George refused any arguments regarding the Khalifa and Ottoman Empire and the Movement failed without achieving its goal. Khilafat movement, pan-Islamic force in India that arose in 1919 in an effort to salvage the Ottoman caliph as a symbol of unity among the Muslim community in India during the British raj. Hindu-Muslim riots along the southwestern Malabar Coast claimed hundreds of lives in 1924, and similar religious rioting spread to every major…. The movement was initially bolstered by Gandhi’s noncooperation movement but fell apart after the abolition of the caliphate in 1924. • But the Turkish side lost the war and Muslims became concerned about the Khalifa and the Ottoman Empire. • In Delhi, after the Fatwa, a central office was established and Nazims were appointed to motivate Muslims for migration. The Khilafat Movement turned out to be an important mass movement due to three reasons. As it began to lose […] People started to resign from government services. • The National Congress also gave their support to the movement. Long Term Reason. The basic necessities like buying and selling of goods, schools were put on hold. Mahatma Gandhi was the main force behind the non-cooperation movement. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). 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